How to Motivate Teens For College Prep

HomePlanStandardized testsCollege Prep Motivating Teenagers Like  Mixing Oil   Water?This page may contain affiliate links.Nov 24, 2019 As most parents know, trying to motivate a teenager to do something they dont want to do can feel like banging your head againsta wall. Its one of the basic frustrationsof parenting teens. So how do you get a teenager motivated to do SAT and/or ACT test prep work when they have so many other things tugging at their time (like Snapchat, Instagram, Fortnite, etc.)? Thats the $64,000 question that Debbie Stier, author of The Perfect Score Project, helps answer. Debbie is a mother who studied alongside her son andtook the SAT seven times in an attempt to motivate himtostudy for the test. Admittedly, this is extreme, but along the way Debbie put togetheranimpressive collection of tips, research, andresources to help other parents transform thisreviled right of passage in a high school students life into a potentially positive experience. Were recommendingthis book for lotsof reasons, the best of which is that besides all the valuable advice, its funny and as enjoyable to read as any book you might choose for leisure. ThePerfect Score Project was also selected by Amazons editors as one of2014 Best Books of the Year, among only 20 nonfiction books selected. Dont be afraid to give this as a gift to a friend or relative with a high school student. And its probably best given to parents with kids in 8th or 9th grade, when most of the advice can be implemented and reaped in time for 11th grade. Or buy it for yourselfinstead. Motivating TeensIts Possible! Heres some parenting tips from Debbie and a resource she used to help motivate her son (reprinted with permission) My son wasn’t motivated to study for the SAT when we started the project. Honestly, it never even occurred to me what a huge problem this was until he dug his heals in and actually refused to study. Until then, I thought he’d prep . . . because I said so. I’ve received many letters similar to this one: Dear Debbie, Getting my daughter, a 16-year-old high school junior, to give a minute’s thought to the SAT is like coaxing a fish to take a hook when there’s no bait on it. ZERO INTEREST. What inroads I’ve made have been accomplished with bribery and ultimatums. How did you manage to motivate your son to study for the SAT? Looking for advice, Stressed Out Dad I identify, completely! I didn’t set out to learn about motivating a teenager when I started the project. Lord knows, I’m no expert on matters of teenage parenting. However, one of the happy side effects of sharing this SAT experience with my son was that I did learn a few things about motivating a teen, and I don’t think my n-of-1 experiences are unique. What worked with my son is the same approach I’ve seen work in other families I just didn’t understand what I was seeing. After the project, I read a book by Gordon Neufeld, Ph.D. called Hold On To Your Kids: Why Parents Need to Matter More Than Peers that clarified the theory. The book explains teenage motivation in terms of attachment to parents, not peers. Teens who are more strongly attached to their parents than their friends are naturally motivated to value what their parents value, including a serious effort to prepare for the SAT. Neufeld explains that you’ve got to â€Å"hook† a peer-oriented adolescent before they’ll listen. In hindsight, this seems so obvious. Gordon Neufeld’s Advice On Motivating A Teenager Collecting Dance: Developmental psychologist Gordon Neufeld explains the â€Å"collecting ritual† in his book Hold On To Your Kids. The collecting dance is akin to making a baby smile before picking it up. The same holds true for a teenager: you must catch the eye and establish a connection in order to be a source of motivation. Enthusiasm: Most teenagers are more interested in their friends than in their parents and the SAT. In fact, the more into the friends they are, the harder it will be to get their attention. A peer-oriented teenager will need more enthusiasm and initiative from the parent to become motivated than one who is oriented toward adults. Given my son’s level of peer orientation at the time, I needed to deploy radical enthusiasm. Parental Involvement: Remain interested and involved, even if your teenager is resistant. Research shows that adolescents do better academically when parents are involved beyond monitoring homework. Invite the Connection: The most potent source of motivation for a teenager is attention and interest in what they are doing. A shared project says that the child matters and is special. The relationship that results from this sustained proximity allows for the parent to act as a compass in the child’s life and to activate motivation.

FTCE General Knowledge Essay Topic for 2020

FTCE General Knowledge Essay Topic for 2020The FTCE General Knowledge Essay Topic for 2020 is set to be published soon. While the scores of papers prepared by many students across the nation have not been as good as the one that we have just seen, some students have consistently managed to get high marks. Today, the National Achievement Test is conducted every year, with many of the students in different districts in the country participating.These exams are just part of the National Board's core functions. Students can take tests from any place and it would be a subject matter which has been prepared for a test. The scorecards are created after some months of practice and planning. In other words, there are not much planning and work involved in the first place, all these efforts are mainly based on the well thought of students and teachers who have been observing the performance of students over the past few years.We have seen the previous essays through the reviews written by teac hers, parents and students. While most of the students and teachers praise the essays for giving them a perfect score, there are some which have scored lower than expected. Some students have even given the essays negative reviews and have stated that they have no hope in getting high marks in such a topic.This is not the case at all, but students should make sure that the general knowledge essay topics can give them a higher grade than what they got in the last essay. Even though you have already seen your previous essays, you can also look for other ways to make sure that you score higher than what you already have. Even if you don't get a perfect score, you will be able to improve your grades.However, when we talk about the essays which scored lower than what students had hoped for, the scores for the general knowledge essay topics have definitely gone down. There are so many things that need to be considered. Itis easy to see that students have to fight against the current trend of low scores because the trend does not appear to be going away anytime soon.Also, when we see the rise in the number of essays that students are taking every year, then the general knowledge essay topics are also getting higher. Most of the students in various districts today prepare their essays using the top names in the world and due to this reason, they are not satisfied with their results. These trends need to be looked into and fixed properly, otherwise there will be many students who will end up getting lower marks.To solve this problem, most of the schools across the nation are providing help to the new students who have not been well read with regards to the rules and norms and are afraid to think too much on the topic. They prefer to work on the exams that are available in the market. Though the FTCE General Knowledge Essay Topic for 2020 may be perfect for the present trend, it would not be perfect in the future.

Quest for Self-Identity in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing...

As the post-colonial criticism developed, the theorists have agreed upon the fact that the role of feminism in the post-colonial practice is crucial. Moreover, these two theories clearly have the same goals. On the one hand, the main objective of both of them is to disclose the traditional power structures, both patriarchal and imperial. On the other hand, both feminism and post-colonial criticism aim to show the way the writers challenge the respective forms of authority. The main concerns of the post-colonial criticism are the formation of canon, the phases through which imperialism and decolonization have gone, as well as how these processes are expressed in literature. What is more, the criticism is also concerned with the ways of†¦show more content†¦Today when the term identity refers, more often than not, to something noisily demonstrative, to a more or less desperate quest, or to an almost deliberately confused search... The nameless narrator in Margaret Atwoods nove l is on the pathway of unresolved crisis, she stands at the crossroads between different values, and her insecurity of her self-certainty limits her presenting her self-image to others. The novel reflects her journey of finding a resolution for her identity crisis, her struggle to conquer one of the most difficult issues in lives. In Spite of The Bell Jar, Esther searches consistently for some kind of identity but finds her options limited as a young woman with little money of her own. After a disappointing summer as a guest editor in New York City, she fails to be accepted into a prestigious writing course and gradually loses much of her sanity and ambition. She mentally explores many wild scenarios for happiness and fulfillment (e.g., apprenticing herself to a pottery maker, finding a European lover), tries to write a novel, does such bizarre things as wearing her mothers clothes and eating raw meat, and finally attempts suicide. Obviously, she is not mentally well, but to some extent societys repressions for females and the lack of creative inspiration in her life have both contributed to her collapse. Since society does not encourage

Essay about Slaughtering for the Humanness of Horses

Slaughtering for the Humanness of Horses The closing of slaughterhouses in the United States for horses has resulted in inhumane treatment and gross neglect for thousands of horses. Congressmen, lobbyists, activists, actors, and every day people have petitioned for these death traps to be destroyed, all for the benefit of the horse. The horse, who cannot speak, can only react to his surroundings. The ones to be benefited are the people who see this as cruel, and inhumane; to give them a clear conscious, because they feel endeared to this animal. I, too, am endeared to this animal, but understand that the horse has been put in, an all too often, precarious situation, that even death, cannot come quick enough. Without slaughter†¦show more content†¦One horse rescue farm received calls on 230 horses from April 2008 to August 2009 (Lewis, 2009). That’s an increase of over 1800 percent from the previous year, when slaughterhouses closed. Horse rescue farms rely on donations, whether in the form of food, labor, or money, to make ends meet. â€Å"It’s always a struggle,† (Myers), who owns Sunshine Acres rescue ranch, said. â€Å"It’s expensive to keep horses, and there aren’t enough donations coming in. Most of the horses I get are underweight and have health problems, which requires more feed.†(Lewis, 2009, p. 4A) Others have horses that are geriatric or have medical issues. They are kept out of compassion, as not many would want the financial burden of a horse that is unusable. These horses are even more difficult to find new homes for and in some instances their quality of life has already passed. Other people refuse to try to make arrangements for them when they experience a financial hardship and just quit feeding them. â€Å"They’re emaciated. Some of them, their eyes are glazed over,† said Holly Simpson, (Zaborney, 2010, p. 1) of Arabian Rescue Midwest, who visited 30 plus horses after they were seized by the Humane Society. One horse was already dead and six others had to be euthanized at the sight, as their state of

Wrongful Convictions - 1074 Words

Wrongful Convictions 2 Causes of Wrongful Convictions There are three main causes of wrongful convictions in the United States. This leads to wrongful punishment and causes turmoil for everyone involved. It then creates multiple feelings on everyone’s behalf, therefore; leaving no choice but to choose sides. Should capital punishment be enforced or not enforced. To what extent do you believe the death penalty should be improvised? Wrongful convictions are sought out by lawyers and police to determine if a criminal is guilty. Evidence and DNA is all part of the investigation that leads to an arrest. Once evidence is presented, the jury will then deliberate on what†¦show more content†¦For this cause there are pros, protecting civilians from future harm. The effect of this cause is that the cons are still out there on the streets, however; the evidence is not convincing enough to put the criminal away. These causes have put authorities such as police and attorneys on edge. Causing them to doubt the outcome of all the existing crimes that are happening. Wondering why they are taking Wrongful Convictions 4 such a risk capturing these criminals and watching them all be released back on the streets. Due to the evidence provided they should be punished to the fullest extent of the law. A jury can determine when a witness is giving false information and when they are telling the truth. Weak and fabricated evidence is often tested in court. Therefore; some criminals are wrongfully convicted. Given a plea or plea deal or even a new deal could lead to the conviction of an innocent situation In conclusion wrongful convictions are subject to many decisions. Not only by a judge or jury but by the evidence that is provided in court. Given the fa cts we will spend vast energies in freeing a few innocent people. We must gird for battle and restore the lost law. The law must be put back in congress where under the system it must reside forever. Giving hope to those who were wrongfully convictedShow MoreRelatedThe Wrongful Conviction Of Wrongful Convictions Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesWrongful convictions Every year, hundreds of people get convicted wrongly as a result of criminal proceedings that are rooted in miscarriage of justice. The defendants are convicted for crimes not committed where errors are not proven until their death or having served a lot of jail time. Wrongful convictions are fueled by false witnesses, incompetence of defense lawyers and inadequate evidence among others. However, with the emergence of forensic DNA in collection of evidence, the rate of wrongfulRead MoreWrongful Conviction And Wrongful Convictions1956 Words   |  8 PagesThe topic of wrongful convictions will be discussed in this research paper. Wrongful conviction is defined as the conviction of a person who is accused of a crime in which, in the result of subsequent investigation, proves erroneous. These persons who are in fact innocent, will be wrongly convicted by a jury or a court of law. Background and Justification Since 1923, when Judge Learned Hand said that the American judicial system â€Å"has always been haunted by the ghost of the innocent man convictedRead MoreThe Conviction Of A Wrongful Conviction1671 Words   |  7 Pagesdid not do. Ivan Henry is the perfect example of a victim of a wrongful conviction and how the justice system is flawed when it comes to convictions. Misconduct by the police and the Crown not disclosing important information led to Henry’ wrongful conviction. A wrongful conviction can be described as â€Å"a conviction of a person who was factually innocent† (Colvin, 2009). Also according to Colvin the leading culprits in wrongful convictions are: eyewitnesses, misidentification, investigative misconductRead MoreWrongful Convictions1773 Words   |  8 PagesMayleika Pizano Wrongful Convictions- Inmates on Death Row Lately, there has been an increasing public awareness and significance of wrongful convictions in America. The growing awareness among policy makers and U.S. citizens have resulted mainly due to highly exposed post-conviction DNA exoneration of inmates who served lengthy prison sentences, as well as the growing eradication of the use of death sentence in America. Recent inquiries involving the likelihood of error in capital casesRead MoreThe Issue Of Wrongful Conviction1746 Words   |  7 Pagesconvicted wrongdoers has been apparently the overwhelming lawful improvement in Canada over the past half-century. In recent years, the issue of wrongful conviction has turned into an acknowledged reality in most common law jurisdiction; Prominent cases tend not just to attract our consideration regarding the deleterious impacts of a wrongful conviction on an individual but also to illustrate how parts of the criminal justice process have fizzled. An across the nation system of attorneys, col umnistsRead MoreWrongful Convictions3202 Words   |  13 PagesCornelius Dupree Jr.: A Case of Wrongful Conviction. Written by: Lance Kriete CJL4037 April 2011 Every year in the United States of America, millions of crimes are committed that violate and harm the individual rights, properties, and freedoms that are not only guaranteed to American citizens of this country, but also naturally inherent to mankind as whole. Based on the founding principles of our country, which are derived from the Constitution of these United States, justice is dealt accordinglyRead MorePreventing Wrongful Convictions Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesEvery time an innocent person is exonerated based on DNA testing, law enforcement agencies look at what caused the wrongful convictions. There are many issues that contribute to putting guiltless lives behind bars including: eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, imperfect forensic science, and more (Gould and Leo 18). When a witness is taken into a police station to identify a suspect, it is easy for their memories to be blurred and their judgment influenced. This can lead the witnessRead MoreThe Wrongfu l Convictions Of The Death Penalty2050 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen exonerated through DNA testing nationwide. But why do these wrongful convictions keep happening? Well, in nearly 25 years since post-conviction DNA evidence has been used to demonstrate criminal innocence, even in cases that landed defendants on death row or in prison for life. Eyewitness misidentification, forensic science errors, false confessions, government misconduct and bad lawyering are many of the reasons wrongful convictions occur. Eyewitness being the most common. Sometimes it can beRead MoreWrongful Convictions And The Court System1050 Words   |  5 PagesWrongful convictions are common in the court-system. In fact, wrongful convictions are not the rare events that you see or hear on televisions shows, but are very common. They stem from some sort of systematic defect that lead to wrongful convictions such as, eyewitness misidentification testimony, unvalidated or improper forensic science, false confessions and incriminating statements, DNA lab errors, false confessions, and informants (2014). Bringing awareness to all these systematic defects, whichRead MoreEssay about Wrongful Convictions3819 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"UNDUE PROCESS† WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS AND VIOLATIONS OF CIVIL LIBERTIES Latrina Dickerson Master of Arts in Liberal Studies Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia February, 2013 â€Å"UNDUE PROCESS† Wrongful Convictions and Violations of Civil Liberties Abstract: Over the past twenty years, advancement in DNA technology has directly led to the exoneration of nearly 300 people in the United States. In addition to these scientific advancements, a growing body of

Student Loan Crisis - 1592 Words

Student Loan Crisis Beginning in the 1960’s the distribution of federal and non-profit funds have given students all over the United States the opportunity to pursue post-secondary educations. Although this method has given students the ability to go to college financially, the majority of the students are not able to pay the money back when finished causing debt. Currently students in the United States owe more than $1 trillion dollars worth of federal and private student loans. Surprisingly this number has surpassed the country’s credit card debt which is $852 billion dollars. This years presidential election has many serious amp; interesting topics being discussed such as gay marriage amp; immigration, but the topic of student loan†¦show more content†¦The youth unemployment rate for African Americans is almost doubled compared to the youth unemployment rate for white Americans. This makes it that much more harder for black Americans to find sources of repay ment since white Americans are able to get jobs easier. According to Adams, the average African American graduates with roughly 30,000 dollars worth of student loan debt (Adams 1). As the younger generation of blacks leave college with student loan debt that they are unable to payback, their ability to become homeowners and their ability to increase their wealth has diminished. Charlene Crowell explains, â€Å"The domino effect of debt begins with a student loan and then delays the ability to qualify for a mortgage†¦the ability to gain wealth is limited if not stymied†. The domino effect is the main reason the majority of the black community is unable to reach the middle class. A college graduate in debt and not having the ability to pay their loans off in time because no jobs are available is the scenario for many blacks causing them to experience poverty. Julie Margetta Morgan says, â€Å"With high unemployment and underemployment and so few options for dealing with d ebt, it should come as no surprise that the delinquency rate on student loans is so high† (Morgan). The below average economic state of the United States doesn’t give African Americans the ability to successfully pay their debt back on time. Student loans are not only a detriment to African AmericansShow MoreRelatedStudent Loan Crisis Is A Crisis870 Words   |  4 Pagesthousand dollars in student loans. (Johnson, â€Å"Student Loans†) There is currently a debate about whether or not student loans are a crisis or if this crisis is just a myth. In the article, â€Å"Here’s Your Crisis: Student Loan Debt Isn’t A Myth,† it describes how student loans are a huge crisis, and the article, â€Å"The Myth of the Student Loan Crisis† is about how college students’ loans do not amount to a crisis. The student loan crisis is a legitimate problem, not a myth. College students do not realize theRead MoreThe Student Loan Debt Crisis1247 Words   |  5 Pages The Student Loan Debt Crisis Student loan debt has overtime become an unpleasant part of life for millions of Americans and especially borrowers. It is possible to identify the types of people who went through college and borrowed financial loans from those that went through college and did not go to college or those that went but did not borrow. The debt crisis directly affects the families of the borrowers, those with high debt burdens and advanced degrees. Despite the increased length in loanRead MoreThe Issue Of The Student Loan Crisis1762 Words   |  8 PagesAs of 2016, the average college graduate owes thirty-seven thousand dollars in loans (Glum). As a whole, Americans owe a grand total of 1.3 trillion dollars. These are figures that grow every year, and worse, the number of people who are defaulting on their payments grows as well. The issue of the student loan crisis is serious, which is why potential solutions are now being discussed. Presidential candidates for the election of 2016 have discussed so lutions that range from Hillary Clinton’s debt-freeRead MoreThe Student Loan Debt Crisis1873 Words   |  8 PagesCollege, originally deemed as the pointer to guaranteed employment, financial stability, and an indicator of success, has been declared in jeopardy. Topping the credit card debt and many household debts, the student loan debt has been pronounced the next potential financial disaster in the U.S. With 2014’s numbers currently exceeding $1.2 trillion, the debt figures have reached about twice of 2007’s remaining debt (Akers, 2014). Gone are the days when a parent could send a child to the state universityRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Crisis Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Loan Debt Crisis What do you think of when you hear the words college graduate? Well, in most scenarios, these words would be exciting to someone that just graduated college who have put in years of hard work and dedication to better educate and promote themselves for their future careers. Sadly enough, this is too far common not the case. In today’s society, students are graduating college with piles of debt at an alarming rate. With a troubled economy that is recovering from a recessionRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Is A Financial Crisis1700 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases the pile of debt students may graduate with gets bigger and bigger. This problem is America’s next sizeable financial crisis, but this crisis however is avoidable. Student loan debt is a financial bubble waiting to blow up just as the housing market collapse did in 2007, which the country is only just now starting to see signs of recovery from. The cost of a four-year degree has seen increases that surpass inflation an d health care costs. Likewise, the amount of student loan debt is now greaterRead MoreThe Problem Of Student Loan Crisis1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe student loan trouble is surely a big problem in our society: college students are struggling giant quantities of student debt, and they re defaulting on that debt and making their potential to get admission to future credit score awful already. The procedures to student loan debt series are filled up with problems, in addition to wrong recovery strategies and critical concerning compensation alternatives. However, the recent public procedure discussions pass over among the key problems thatRead MoreShould Student Loan Debt Be A National Crisis?865 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough many people are considering student loan debt to be a national crisis, we must understand the reality behind it. Unfortunately not everyone is fortunate enough to make it through college without accumulating debt. In Robin Wilson’s essay, â€Å"A Lifeti me of Student Debt? Not Likely†, she makes a compelling argument that shows how students get involved with really high debt. She claims, â€Å"†¦the problem among students who go heavily into debt is that they are determined to attend their dream collegeRead MoreStudent Loan Crisis Research Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesMore Affordable Many of the protesters occupying Wall Street and other places say they are upset about the rising price of going to college. There is little dispute today that the number of students who have debt has increased, and that the amount of money they have borrowed has gone up (Billitteri). Many students incur large amounts of debt that will never pay dividends in higher wages or greater job satisfaction, and they graduate into a world with weak employment prospects. Its a betrayal of theRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Is The Biggest Economic Crisis Or Threat?1755 Words   |  8 Pagesto the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, student loan debt has reached a new milestone, crossing the $1.2 trillion mark — $1 trillion of that in federal student loan debt. Since 1993, the trend keeps getting higher and higher every year. Student loan debts has been showing a crippling effect on the economy as the debt gets deeper. Student loan debt is known to be the biggest economic crisis or threat. Although you might have not have any student loans, his huge debt could still impact your financial

Unconventional Monetary Policy System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Unconventional Monetary Policy System. Answer: Introduction: Government intervenes in the financial market through framing policies and imposing regulations. Economy is stimulated by employing simulative monetary policy by reducing unemployment rate and increasing economic growth. Money market securities are assets that are invested for short-term period with a maturity of one year or less than a year. Corporate bonds are securities that are issued by corporations for long-term on which owners are promised to be paid coupon payments on semiannual basis. IPO or Initial public offerings are the issuing of shares for the first time by company when they go public. Government intervenes in the financial market through framing policies and imposing regulations. Regulation and controlling of financial market is heavily influenced by government intervention that helps financial institutions in providing efficient financial services by minimizing riskiness. Aim of government to regulate financial market is to promote higher level of efficiency and protect public interest. Interest of investors and borrowers in financial market is protected by development of policies by government that helps in lowering transaction costs. Uniformity in financial market is established by implementation of developed policies by government (Kiley and Roberts 2017). Economy is stimulated by employing simulative monetary policy by reducing unemployment rate and increasing economic growth. It helps in stimulating without concerning about inflation as such policy would cause an increase in inflation. Business investment in an organization can increase by increase in supply of money due to employment of this policy (Neely 2015 pp.101-111). This leads to increase in supply compared to demand and thereby lowering interest and ultimately cost and debt and equity. It might happen that banks limit the credit even though the government increases level of bank funds. Banks in such situation might not be willing to extend credit and this would lead to lower interest and lower consumer spending (Becker and Ivashina2015 pp.1863-1902). Under such situation, inflation will be adversely affected and growth of money supply will be disrupted. Money market securities are assets that are invested for short-term period with a maturity of one year or less than a year. It is regarded as good place to invest funds for shorter time period. Some of securities that come in the category of money market securities are commercial paper, treasury bills, bankers acceptance and certificate of deposits and are issued by trustworthy and large organizations including government of United States. These assets carry relative low risks as compared to other assets and it make up the mainstream of money market securities that are traded in capital market. Since the maturity for these assets is short, they are generally regarded to be of high grade. Investors are provided with low return as low risks are associated with such assets. An investor investing in money market securities is provided with liquidity and they have the potential of higher yield compared to conventional cash such as through credit union and bank account (Cox et al. 2016). Bonds- Bonds are securities that are generally invested for long-term and are issued by corporations and government agencies. Periodic payment of interest is obligated to be paid by issuer of bond. Buying of bonds will be considered by investors for which the question of repayment is raised if the risks associated with it will be compensated by generation of sufficient funds. The flow of funds is facilitated by bond market and proceeds generated by issuing of bonds are used for supporting government programs deficit. Institutional participation in bond market- The macro structure of bond market is explained by involving institutions as development of such markets requires strong institutional support. The momentum of corporate bond market is sustained by steady and gradual development of framework of institutions. Tilting of scales of corporate bonds can be done by development of institutions. Financial institutions dominates bond market and active participation of institutions helps in effective functioning of bond market (Belongia and Ireland 2015). Bond yields-Bond yields are the amount of return generated to investors when they realize bond or when bonds are matured. Yield to maturity helps in measuring cost of financing of issuer. Treasury and federal agency bonds- A treasury bond is a fixed interest, marketable and debt security bond issues by government of United States. This type of bonds are issued for financing activities of government spending. Federal agency bonds are bonds that are issued by federal budget agency or they are sponsored by agency of US government. Maturity period of such bonds ranges from one year to forty years (Cukierman 2013 pp.373-384). Municipal bonds- Municipal bonds are issued by local and state government to finance the difference between revenues generated and spending of government. Revenue bonds and general obligation bonds are two types of bonds that are issued by state or local government. Corporate bonds are securities that are issued by corporations for long-term on which owners are promised to be paid coupon payments on semiannual basis. Maturity period of corporate bonds is generally between 10 to 30 years and the minimum denomination is $ 1000. Cost of financing corporate bond gets reduced as the interests that are paid to investors by corporation is tax deductible (Harford and Uysal 2014 pp.147-163). This is the reason why corporations finance their operations using corporate bonds. Issuing of bonds by corporations or firm enable them to restructure their asset and revise their assets by way of features and several benefits. Corporate bonds helps in lowering the overall weighted cost of capital. This is so because issuing of bonds increases the liabilities of issuer and this increases cost of debt. Increase in cost of debt provides organization is offset by benefits of tax deductibility. Therefore, firms are saving by falling cost of capital. Furthermore, issuing of corporate bonds can be used to finance purchase of assets if required by organization. Fall in overall cost of capital will lead changing minimizing of equities and debts for financing of firms (Shim et al. 2013 pp.26-33). Organizations are thereby able to revise their structure of capital. Corporate bond issuance by firms has indirect impact on weighted cost of capital. This is so because, financing the business by issuing cost will increase the total amount of liabilities as compared to issuing of equities. Moreover, benefits received in the form of tax deductibility on interest helps in lowering cost of capital. An organization willing to expand can use the money generated through issuing of bonds in purchasing assets (Kacperczyk and Schnabl 2013 pp.1073-1122). Initial public offerings- IPO or Initial public offerings are the issuing of shares for the first time by company when they go public. IPO also happens when an unlisted companies sells existing securities or issue new securities. Initial public offerings are generally issued by startup companies because they seek funding for their growth by raising of capital. IPO is considered attractive for organization as it helps in boosting their business growth. Process of going public- An organization intending to go public or issue IPO needs to undergo a specified process and steps. In the first step, investment bank is required to be selected. Secondly, regulatory filings and due diligence is to be performed by issuing company. In third step, offer price is determined by underwriter and issuing companies provided by underwriter any. Stabilization is provided by underwriter in fourth stage. Transition to market competition is the last and final stage of process of IPO (Valdez and Molyneux 2015). Underwriter efforts to ensure price stability- After issuing of stocks, underwriter creates market for stocks that have been issued along with after market stabilization. In the event of any imbalances, after market stabilization are carried out by underwriter by buying shares at below offering price or at offering price (Belongia et al., 2015 255-269). For instance, if stock demand is unexpectedly low, the extra shares in market place is bought back by underwriter and thereby assisting in price stabilization. Initial returns of IPOs- Initial return is the difference or variation between offer price and after math price after the day of trading. Initial returns generated by IPO fluctuate dramatically over time. Organizations whose value is difficult to estimate experiences higher volatility of returns. Abuses in the IPO market-Abuses in IPO market is of three types that comprise unlawful disclosure of insider information, insider information and manipulation of market. Unlawful disclosure arises when inside information is disclosed to any outside person expect in the normal course of their employment. Manipulation of market occurs outside trading venue that involves providing false and misleading signals and contracting financial instrument at abnormal price (Duygan et al. 2013 pp.715-737). Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be concluded that government plays a significant role in regulating financial market institutions. Monetary policy helps in stimulating economy An investor investing in money market securities is provided with liquidity and they have the potential of higher yield compared to conventional cash such as through credit union and bank account. Looking at IPO process, underwriter plays a significant role in price stability and there are many abuses in such market. References list: Becker, B. and Ivashina, V., 2015. Reaching for yield in the bond market.The Journal of Finance,70(5), pp.1863-1902. Belongia, M.T. and Ireland, P.N., 2015. Interest rates and money in the measurement of monetary policy.Journal of Business Economic Statistics,33(2), pp.255-269. Cox, J.D., Hillman, R.W. and Langevoort, D.C., 2016.Securities regulation: cases and materials. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Cukierman, A., 2013. Monetary policy and institutions before, during, and after the global financial crisis.Journal of Financial Stability,9(3), pp.373-384. Duygan?Bump, B., Parkinson, P., Rosengren, E., Suarez, G.A. and Willen, P., 2013. How Effective Were the Federal Reserve Emergency Liquidity Facilities? Evidence from the Asset?Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility.The Journal of Finance,68(2), pp.715-737. Harford, J. and Uysal, V.B., 2014. Bond market access and investment.Journal of Financial Economics,112(2), pp.147-163. Kacperczyk, M. and Schnabl, P., 2013. How safe are money market funds?.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,128(3), pp.1073-1122. Kidwell, D.S., Blackwell, D.W., Sias, R.W. and Whidbee, D.A., 2016.Financial institutions, markets, and money. John Wiley Sons. Kiley, M.T. and Roberts, J.M., 2017. Monetary policy in a low interest rate world.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. Neely, C.J., 2015. Unconventional monetary policy had large international effects.Journal of Banking Finance,52, pp.101-111. Shim, S., Serido, J. and Tang, C., 2013. 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